The aim of this study was to develop the Mixed-effects model and compare it with nonlinear models for estimating beech (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L. ) heights in the Shast-kalateh forests (district 1 and 2) of Gorgan. We applied a systematic sampling method to collect the field data within a 150×200 m network (308 circular plots) and in each plot, tree species were identified and height and diameter at breast height (DBH) of all trees were measured. model fitting was done in two stages: Fixed-effect approach was used in the first stage wherein candidate models where height (dependent variable) and DBH (independent variable). These were refitted in the second stage using a Mixed-effect approach. The adjusted coefficient of determination and root mean square error, were used to assess the models. The results of fitting nonlinear models showed that for the beech, Curtis and Naslund models had the highest coefficient of determination of 0. 76 and the lowest root mean square error of 3. 35 and 3. 40, respectively. For hornbeam, Naslund and Michailoff models with the coefficient of determination of 0. 40 and the root mean square error of 2. 95 and 2. 90 were selected as the best models. The results of nonlinear Mixed effects model showed that the R2 for beech and hornbeam species increased by 10% and 30% respectively, and the RMSE improved about 0. 65 for beech and 0. 6 for hornbeam.

Walnut has a high economic value because of the good quality of wood and fruits. So this species has been harvested since many years ago till today and has been introduced as a protected species. The performance of Juglans regia increases in wet years, but reduces in dry years, hence paying attention to physiological and morphological parameters in order to identify the genomic regions related to drought resistant is important for breeding programs in walnut. In this study, genetic diversity by SSR markers has been evaluated. Also, the association of used primers with physiological and morphological traits were analyzed before and after drought stress. 10 SSR primer pairs generated 53 alleles in 62 walnut seedlings. All locies showed significant difference (p£0.01) from the Hardy-Weinberg. Dendrogram of the Neighbour-Joining method showed that 62 walnut seedlings divided to four main groups. Analyses of population structure by Structure 2.3.1 software identified two sub populations (k=2). Based on association mapping analysis, by using MLM (Mixed liner model) method, transpiration, conductance and photosynthesis have been controlled by WGA9 and WGA69 locies in normal condition. In stress condition WGA1 loci showed relationship with CO2 concentration that was covered %75 of variations of this trait. The results of this study can be used in breeding programs of Juglans regia to identify drought resistant varieties.

Nowadays, different countries exert far-reaching strife in order to attain sustainable development as follow as economy globalization, technological and informative swift changes across the world which this trend of economy globalization summon much more soberness, in the meantime IRAN can attain economy and sustainable development via seizure thoughtfulness contrivances and substantial diplomacy and utilization of others experiences in an integrated and long-term firm and maximum of sharing in existing possibilities via expansion of agriculture but we must know s which engage in marketing and having suitable marketing strategies is so impressive and necessary in case produced crops will not have suitable sell. In this paper, marketing Mixed elements for Pakdasht cut-flowers and put- plants products have been investigated which these elements include Product, Price, Place and Promotion and this survey have been done with measurement and opinion poll of experts, floriculturists and authorities then after prioritizing of these elements, suitable strategies have been planned and demonstrated.

This paper presents a multi-objective simulated annealing algorithm for the Mixed-model assembly line balancing with stochastic processing times. Since, the stochastic task times may have effects on the bottlenecks of a system, maximizing the weighted line efficiency (equivalent to the minimizing the number of station), minimizing the weighted smoothness index and maximizing the system reliability are considered. After solving an example in detail, the performance of the proposed algorithm is examined on a set of test problems. The experimental results show the new approach performs well.

There are a lot of techniques and methods for prediction of bankruptcy; among them “Statistical methods” or econometrics techniques are more popular. As dependent variable in our study is qualitative; it is convenient to use qualitative discrete models. Mixed Logit model is one of the powerful and flexible techniques of discrete choices that allow the coefficients to be random with distribution function. Explanatory variables are financial ratios which derived from Zmijewski’s model. The sample data are from Tehran Stock Exchange’s Brokerage Companies during 2001-2008. We selected two random samples, one for estimation and another for prediction power test. Results show that the degree of successfulness of the model is over 90 percent.